The voter file is targeting data, not a consent list. It's public (or licensed) information about registrations, history, and sometimes phone numbers. None of that is the prior express consent the TCPA requires before you send automated texts to a cell phone. Texting voter-file numbers that never opted in is unsolicited texting.
What the voter file is good for
Everything except permission. Use it to build your universe, match and enrich your consented list, target the right voters, and plan your program. Then text only the subset who actually opted in through your own channels.
The compliant path
Build a consented list, forms, keywords, events, and use the voter file to enrich and target it. The file makes your texting smarter; your opt-ins make it legal. You need both, and they're not the same thing.
Frequently asked questions
Can I text the phone numbers on the voter file?
Not compliantly. A number on the voter file is not consent. The TCPA requires prior express consent before autodialed texts to a cell, which the voter file does not provide.
What's the voter file actually for in texting?
Targeting and enrichment, figuring out who to reach and matching data to your contacts, not permission. You still need a separate, documented opt-in to text anyone on it.
Informational, not legal advice.
Keep reading: Voting isn't consent, neither is donating and The cost of non-compliance.